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French version |
The issues from 1 to 148 are also available on line at NUMDAM and at Revues.org for the following issues |
- Results for criterions:
- Parution: n° 182, Summer 2008
6 matches
| Title | In memoriam: Georges-Théodule Guilbaud |
| Author | BARBUT Marc |
| Keywords | None |
| Topic | Biography |
| Abstract | In memoriam |
| Number | 182, Summer 2008 |
| Language | French |
| Title | A new general explanation of Bendford's law |
| Author | GAUVRIT Nicolas, DELAHAYE Jean-Paul |
| Keywords | Benford's law, Equiprobability bias, Paradoxe |
| Topics | Approximation, Number theory, Probabilities |
| Abstract | According to Benford's law, the first digit of a random number does not follow a uniform distribution, as many people believe, but a logarithmic distribution. This law was at the begining purely experimental, but it is now established that it holds for various mathematical series and some natural data sets. Concerning data sets, Benford's law often appears as a good approximation of the reality, but as no more than an approximation. Our aim is to present a new explanation for this law. We argue that it should not be considered as a mathematical paradox, but as a purely psycholo-gical paradox, a result of a cognitive bias. We express a general criterion of regularity on a random variable X and prove that, whenever X follow this criterion, X is approximately Benford. |
| Number | 182, Summer 2008 |
| Language | French |
| Title | Probabilities, propensities, utilities |
| Author | MARTIN-SIMIG Stéphane |
| Keywords | Consumer theory, Propensity, System theory, Utility |
| Topics | Decision Theory, Economy - Econometrics, Probabilities |
| Abstract | We show how a consumer theory, similar to the standard theory, can be derived by replacing the notion of utility with a notion of propensity, defined as an agent's objective probability of achieving a given choice in absence of constraints. We show that this propensity can be combined with budget constraints, and we generalize the results over the producer theory. |
| Number | 182, Summer 2008 |
| Language | French |
| Title | Unfair sporting games and motor aggressiveness |
| Author | COLLARD Luc |
| Keywords | Experimental game theory, Mixed strategy, Motor aggressiveness, sporting game |
| Topics | Game Theory, Social Psychology, Sports |
| Abstract | The goal of the present work was to experimentally verify Elias's hypothesis [1986], according to which unfair sporting situations lead to aggressive outbursts. To this end, adult volunteers were subjected to an inherently unfair 6-a-side game which lacked a balanced tactical basis. At the start of the game, a decision is taken separately by each team: the choice of one of two possible balls. One team's potential score depends on the choice of the ball made by the other team. The scoring matrix is designed in such a way that every time a point is scored, one of the two teams feels penalized by its opening choice. The originality of the present work consisted in ending the game with a potentially aggressive motor action. Starting from opposite ends of a sports hall, the two teams have to touch their ball down in the opposing end zone in order to definitively acquire the previously scored points. Each team is free to prevent the other one from achieving its objective by any means it sees fit. When the game is replayed, the initial «mixed» strategies appear to be quite rational. On the other hand, when the motor action has to be performed, the teams minimize their gains whilst taking their revenge on their opponents. The more distorted the score, the more aggressive the players. |
| Number | 182, Summer 2008 |
| Language | French |
| Title | Methodological reflexions on non structural modelling: an approach by VAR models and their dynamic extensions |
| Author | MEURIOT Véronique |
| Keywords | Causality, Cointegration, Dynamic, Methodology, Non structural modelling, VAR Modelling |
| Topics | Dynamical Systems, Methodology, Modelling, Regression, Statistics |
| Abstract | Considering the dynamics in economic systems is a central element of the causality concept in economics. Since the Eighties, econometrics seems to be devoted to an important multidirectional investigation, brought about by the acknowled-gement of the relative failure of the estimated macroeconometric models in the Seventies. We propose an epistemological reflexion on the interest and the legitimacy of the evolution of contemporary macroeconometrics, in particular in the field of non structural modelling. It refers to the possible extensions of the models VAR but also to the new macroeconometric methods. |
| Number | 182, Summer 2008 |
| Language | French |
| Title | "Y a-t-il des lois en économie ?", Etudes coordonnées et présentées par Arnaud Berthoud, Bernard Delmas et Thierry Demals, 11e colloque international de l'Association Charles Gide pour l'Ètude de la Pensée Èconomique (ACGEPE), Villeneuve d'Asc |
| Author | BARBUT Marc |
| Keywords | None |
| Topics | Book review, Economy - Econometrics, Epistemology, History of sciences |
| Abstract | Book review |
| Number | 182, Summer 2008 |
| Language | French |
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