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Results n° 1 to 8 of 18 matches
| Title |
Ajustement du schéma par âge d'entrée en première union : le modèle Picrate |
| Author |
MATTHEWS Alan P., LECLERC Pauline M., GARENNE Michel L. |
| Keywords |
Africa, Age at first marriage, Coale-Mc Neil model, DHS survey, Event history analysis, Mathematical model |
| Topics |
Anthropology - Ethnology, Demography, Mathematical demography, Modelling |
| Abstract |
We present a new model for fitting the age pattern of entry into a new situation. The formulation of the marriage recruitment rate is simpler than in other available models, and particularly useful for computer simulation of the time-evolution of a population. The model has three parameters: a0, the starting age at event, pmax, the maximum proportion of the population at risk p(a), and rmax, the maximum value of the recruitment rate r(a). This model was tested on the entry into first union, and was compared with the widely-used Coale-McNeil model. We applied this model to the case of Zambia, and to a variety of African countries with different features. This model could also be used for fitting a variety of processes, such as first sexual intercourse, first birth, first job, first adult migration, etc |
| Number |
186, Summer 2009 |
| Language |
 English | Read the article
| Title |
Aspects of the ethnomathematics of the game awele |
| Author |
CHEMILLIER Marc |
| Keywords |
Awele, Cognition, Ethnomathematics, Game, Mixed strategy |
| Topics |
Anthropology - Ethnology, Cognitive Sciences, Combinatorics, Game Theory |
| Abstract |
Ethnomathematics is a new domain focusing on activities of traditional societies based on mathematical concepts such as numbers, forms, arrangements. Generally speaking, these activities are not associated with spoken descriptions from people doing them. It is thus difficult to analyse the way they conceive the mathematical notions underlying them. A game such as the awele played in Africa is an exception, since players can explain their strategies. The purpose of this article is to compare some mathematical properties of awele, and some explanations given by players of this game, in order to evaluate the distance between these two points of view. |
| Number |
181, Spring 2008 |
| Language |
 French | Read the article
| Title |
Orally transmitted mathematics |
| Author |
CHEMILLIER Marc |
| Keywords |
Asymmetric rhythms, Cognition, Divination, Ethnomathematics, Musical canon, Sand drawing |
| Topics |
Anthropology - Ethnology, Discrete Mathematics, Drawing, Music |
| Abstract |
Ethnomathematics is a new domain studying mathematical structures in particular activities of traditional societies. The main difficulty in this approach is to establish a link between formal structures, studied « in laboratory », and mental representations of native people, as they can be observed during fieldworks. We describe these difficulties in different situations: visual arts, music, divination. In the latter case, we present the results of fieldworks done in Madagascar where mathematical mental representations of native people have been discovered |
| Number |
178, Summer 2007, special issue: Art, mathematics, language and emotion |
| Language |
French | Read the article
| Title |
Ring cohesion theory in marriage and social networks |
| Author |
WHITE Douglas R. |
| Keywords |
Family relinking, Kinship network, Social cohesion, Structural endogamy |
| Topics |
Anthropology - Ethnology, Modelling, Networks |
| Abstract |
Ring cohesion, as a theory relevant to social cohesion, offers itself in the analysis of matrimonial relinking as an outgrowth of a structural approach: "Structural studies are, in the social sciences, the indirect outcome of modern developments in mathematics which have given increasing importance to the qualitative point of view in contradistinction to the quantitative point of view of traditional mathematics. It has become possible, therefore, in fields such as mathematical logic, set theory, group theory, and topology, to develop a rigorous approach to problems which do not admit of a metrical solution. The outstanding achievements in this connection Ð which offer themselves as springboards not yet utilized by social scientist - is to be found in J. von Neumann and O. Morgenstern, Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour; N. Wiener, Cybernetics; and C. Shannon and W. Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Communication". [Lévi-Strauss, Structural Anthropology, 1963, Chapter XV, Social Structure, section on "Structure and Measure", p. 283]. |
| Number |
168, Winter 2004, special issue: Social networks |
| Language |
English | Read the article
| Title |
Matrimonial ring structures |
| Author |
HAMBERGER Klaus, HOUSEMAN Michael, DAILLANT Isabelle, WHITE Douglas R., BARRY Laurent |
| Keywords |
Enumeration theory, Graph theory, Kinship network, Matrimonial rings, Social anthropology, Social network analysis |
| Topics |
Anthropology - Ethnology, Demography, Graphs, Networks, Sociology |
| Abstract |
The paper deals with matrimonial rings, a particular kind of cycles in kinship networks which result when spouses are linked to each other by ties of consanguinity or affinity. By taking a network-analytic perspective, the paper endeavours to put this classical issue of structural kinship theory on a general basis, such as to allow conclusions which go beyond isolated discussions of particular ring types (like "cross-cousin marriage", "sister exchange", and so forth). The paper provides a definition and formal analysis of matrimonial rings, a method of enumerating all isomor-phism classes of matrimonial rings within given genealogical bounds, a series of network-analytic tools - such as the census graph - to analyse ring structures in empirical kinship networks, and techniques to effectuate these analyses with the computer program pajek. A program package containing the required macros can be downloaded from the web. The working of the method is illustrated at the example of kinship networks from four different parts of the world (South-America, Africa, Australia and Europe).
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| Number |
168, Winter 2004, special issue: Social networks |
| Language |
English | Read the article
| Title |
Viable strategies among fishermen analysed by the anthropologist Fredrik Barth |
| Author |
BONNEUIL Noël, SAINT-PIERRE Patrick |
| Keywords |
None |
| Topics |
Algorithms - Algorithmic Theory, Anthropology - Ethnology, Decision Theory, Dynamical Systems, Process |
| Abstract |
The anthropologist Fredrik Barth analysed the social forms generated among Norvegian fishermen. His view is well rendered by the mathematical tools of viability theory. The largest set of states from which economic survival is still possible is calculated, as well as the right decision to take at each moment, between risk-taking and following the other vessels. Moreover, the technical condition that the image of the correspondence describing the process at work must be compact, isviolated. We deal with this difficulty and we present the algorithm. |
| Number |
142, Summer 1998 |
| Language |
French | Read the article
| Title |
Structural endogamy and the network |
| Author |
WHITE Douglas R. |
| Keywords |
None |
| Topics |
Algorithms - Algorithmic Theory, Anthropology - Ethnology, Demography, Graphs, Networks, Process |
| Abstract |
This article, one of a series, approaches the topics of marriage and kinship through a revitalized kinetic structural approach that shifts the primary focus from abstract models of rules, terminologies, attitudes and norms to exploration of concrete relations in a population, analyzed graph-theoretically in their full complexity as networks. Network representation using the graphe de parenté (see below) serves as the basis for examining marriage alliance theory, population structure (such as endogamy and exogamy, inbreeding, subgroups), as well as other possible concepts of general sociological interest, including social formations such as classes, strata, ethnicity, and elites (Schweizer and White 1997). This type of potentially multi-layered structural approach extends to the study of structures and processes of actual marriage and kinship practices and other forms of social linkage that build off of them. Identification of structure and processes which occur in such networks is enhanced by mapping attributes or dynamic variables onto the armature of the kinship graph. Any number of theoretical questions concerning kinship and marriage may be posed or restated to address questions of the structure of kinship networks, and thus depend upon such analysis for deeper critical insights. The focus in this discussion is specifically on the connections between graph-theoretic analysis and various substantive theoretical questions concerning kinship and marriage networks. |
| Number |
137, Spring 1997, special issue: A few models for social networks analysis |
| Language |
English | Read the article
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