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Results n° 1 to 8 of 56 matches
| Title |
«The battle of the swimmers». Illustration of a conflict between individual preferences and the collective interest |
| Author |
COLLARD Luc, LOYER Frédéric |
| Keywords |
Equilibrium, Experimental game theory, Social contract, The prisoner's dilemna |
| Topics |
Decision Theory, Equilibrium, Game Theory, Social Psychology |
| Abstract |
How do persons behave «in the flesh» when they are instructed to choose between the unsatisfactory caution of a selfish decision, and the risky satisfaction of an altruistic decision? We ask 64 adult sportsmen to play a typical game «the prisoner's dilemna» in the swimming pool. The "battle between the swimmers" shows that, the specialists of combat sport who are the most selfish used to the systematic fighting spirit. Their expected gain is greater than that of the altruistic players who are nevertheless driven by a respectable moral sense (p<0,05 in T of Student). In vivo, Nash equilibrium [1950] is stronger than Harsanyi equilibrium [1977]. |
| Number |
188, Winter 2009 |
| Language |
 French | Read the article
| Title |
A note on the manipulation of social choice correspondences |
| Author |
TCHANTCHO Bertrand, DIFFO LAMBO Lawrence |
| Keywords |
Linked domain, Manipulation, Non manipulable, p-social choice correspondence |
| Topics |
Combinatorics, Decision Theory, Game Theory, Social choice, Voting |
| Abstract |
We study the manipulability of social choice rules which select a fixed number of candidates for any given profile of preferences. Using a recent generalization by Aswal et al [2003] of the well known Gibbard [1973], Satterthwaite [1975] theorem, we show (under the mild condition of unanimity) such rules are strategy proof only if they are dictatorial. |
| Number |
186, Summer 2009 |
| Language |
 English | Read the article
| Title |
Unfair sporting games and motor aggressiveness |
| Author |
COLLARD Luc |
| Keywords |
Experimental game theory, Mixed strategy, Motor aggressiveness, sporting game |
| Topics |
Game Theory, Social Psychology, Sports |
| Abstract |
The goal of the present work was to experimentally verify Elias's hypothesis [1986], according to which unfair sporting situations lead to aggressive outbursts. To this end, adult volunteers were subjected to an inherently unfair 6-a-side game which lacked a balanced tactical basis. At the start of the game, a decision is taken separately by each team: the choice of one of two possible balls. One team's potential score depends on the choice of the ball made by the other team. The scoring matrix is designed in such a way that every time a point is scored, one of the two teams feels penalized by its opening choice.
The originality of the present work consisted in ending the game with a potentially aggressive motor action. Starting from opposite ends of a sports hall, the two teams have to touch their ball down in the opposing end zone in order to definitively acquire the previously scored points. Each team is free to prevent the other one from achieving its objective by any means it sees fit.
When the game is replayed, the initial «mixed» strategies appear to be quite rational. On the other hand, when the motor action has to be performed, the teams minimize their gains whilst taking their revenge on their opponents. The more distorted the score, the more aggressive the players. |
| Number |
182, Summer 2008 |
| Language |
French | Read the article
| Title |
Aspects of the ethnomathematics of the game awele |
| Author |
CHEMILLIER Marc |
| Keywords |
Awele, Cognition, Ethnomathematics, Game, Mixed strategy |
| Topics |
Anthropology - Ethnology, Cognitive Sciences, Combinatorics, Game Theory |
| Abstract |
Ethnomathematics is a new domain focusing on activities of traditional societies based on mathematical concepts such as numbers, forms, arrangements. Generally speaking, these activities are not associated with spoken descriptions from people doing them. It is thus difficult to analyse the way they conceive the mathematical notions underlying them. A game such as the awele played in Africa is an exception, since players can explain their strategies. The purpose of this article is to compare some mathematical properties of awele, and some explanations given by players of this game, in order to evaluate the distance between these two points of view. |
| Number |
181, Spring 2008 |
| Language |
French | Read the article
| Title |
Jean-François Laslier, "Le vote et la règle majoritaire. Analyse mathématique de la politique", Paris, CNRS éditions, 2004 |
| Author |
HUDRY Olivier |
| Keywords |
None |
| Topics |
Book review, Decision Theory, Game Theory, Modelling, Political Science, Voting |
| Abstract |
Book review |
| Number |
177, Spring 2007 |
| Language |
French | Read the article
| Title |
Azar game in the book of the dice of Alfonso X the learned. Its relation with the hazard games of Montmort, Cotton, Hoyle, De Moivre and Jacob Bernoulli |
| Author |
BASULTO Jesùs, CAMUNEZ Jose-Antonio, ORTEGA Francisco-Javier |
| Keywords |
Alfonso X The Learned, Craps Game of De Moivre, Game of "Azar", Hazard Game of Montmort |
| Topics |
Game Theory, History of Mathematics, Probabilities |
| Abstract |
A game called «Azar» is presented in the second part of the Book «The Book of Chess, Dice and Tables» by Alfonso X El Sabio (The Learned) (1221-1284). The rules of this Azar game depend on two events called «chance» and «azar». The winning probability in this Azar game implies an event whose probability depends on an infinite number of three-dice rolls. We intend to demonstrate here that this probability is of around 50 %. We associated this game with other games, like the Hazard game by Montmort, Cotton, Hoyle and De Moivre, and also with the Cinq et Neuf game of J. Bernoulli. Finally, we see that the first Hazard game of De Moivre is the famous Craps game. |
| Number |
174, Summer 2006 |
| Language |
English | Read the article
| Title |
Henri-Auguste Delannoy, a biography [first part] |
| Author |
SCHWER Sylviane, AUTEBERT Jean-Michel |
| Keywords |
Biography, History of combinatorics |
| Topics |
Arithmetic - Number Theory, Biography, Combinatorics, Game Theory, History of Mathematics |
| Abstract |
The works of the mathematician Delannoy (1833-1915) which had sunk into oblivion have aroused a keen interest recently, because of the many objects which are counted by the sequences associated with his name. Indeed, these sequences emerged in works as varied as the representation and the space-time reasoning in data processing and linguistics, biology or theoretical physics. We propose here to pay tribute to this ignored mathematician. His carreer, although modest, informs us about the mathematical community at the end of the XIXth century. In this first article we present the known elements of his life, in particular of his activity as a mathematician. We provide in particular a complete review of his publications. In an appendix, the reader will find the description of the mathematical library bequeathed by Delannoy to the public library of Guéret and what has become of it. In a second article, we will analyse his major contribution thoroughly: the use of the arithmetic chess-boards in the resolution of combinatory and probabilistic problems and its current applications. |
| Number |
174, Summer 2006 |
| Language |
French | Read the article
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